Synthesis of hydrous iron oxide/aluminum hydroxide composite loaded on coal fly ash as an effective mesoporous and low-cost sorbent for Cr(VI) sorption: Fuzzy logic modeling

The aim of this research was to estimate the possibility of using synthesized hydrous iron oxide/aluminium hydroxide composite loaded on coal fly ash (FA3) as an efficient sorbent for Cr(VI) sorption from aqueous solution. In this regard, dissolution and precipitation processes were performed to rearrange and load the intrinsic iron and aluminum on the surface of fly ash. Different characterization techniques including XRD, XRF, FT-IR, SEM, LPS and BET surface area were applied to analyze the sorbent properties. Moreover, sorption kinetics were studied using Morris–Weber intra-particle diffusion, Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The kinetic analyses indicated that pseudo-first-order model controlled the sorption process. In order to estimate the sorbent capacity, Langmuir, Freundlich and D–R models were applied. The thermodynamic parameters of Cr(VI) sorption were also studied. In addition, removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was predicted using the developed fuzzy logic model. The fuzzification of four input variables including pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial Cr(VI) concentration versus removal efficiency as output was carried out using an artificial intelligence-based approach. A Mamdani-type fuzzy interface system was employed to fulfill a collection of 24 rules (If-Then format) using triangle membership functions (MFS) with seven levels in fuzzy sets. The proposed fuzzy logic model demonstrated high predictive performance with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.95 and acceptable deviation from the experimental data, confirming its suitability to predict Cr(VI) removal efficiency. Based on experimental data and statistical analysis, the synthetized sorbent was effective for treating wastewater containing Cr(VI).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Fuzzy logic modeling of Pb (II) sorption onto mesoporous NiO/ZnCl2-Rosa Canina-L seeds activated carbon nanocomposite prepared by ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation technique

In this study, NiO/Rosa Canina-L seeds activated carbon nanocomposite (NiO/ACNC) was prepared by adding dropwise NaOH solution (2 mol/L) to raise the suspension pH to around 9 at room temperature under ultrasonic irradiation (200 W) as an efficient method and characterized by FE-SEM, FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The effect of different parameters such as contact time (0–120 min), initial metal ion concentration (25–200 mg/L), temperature (298, 318 and 333 K), amount of adsorbent (0.002–0.007 g) and the solution's initial pH (1–7) on the adsorption of Pb (II) was investigated in batch-scale experiments. The equilibrium data were well fitted by Langmuir model type 1 (R2 > 0.99). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) of NiO/ACNC was 1428.57 mg/L. Thermodynamic parameters (¿G°, ¿H° and ¿S°) were also calculated. The results showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) onto NiO/ACNC was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under studied conditions. In addition, a fuzzy-logic-based model including multiple inputs and one output was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. Four input variables including pH, contact time (min), dosage (g) and initial concentration of Pb (II) were fuzzified using an artificial intelligence-based approach. The fuzzy subsets consisted of triangular membership functions with eight levels and a total of 26 rules in the IF-THEN approach which was implemented on a Mamdani-type of fuzzy inference system. Fuzzy data exhibited small deviation with satisfactory coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.98) that clearly proved very good performance of fuzzy-logic-based model in prediction of removal efficiency of Pb (II). It was confirmed that NiO/ACNC had a great potential as a novel adsorbent to remove Pb (II) from aqueous solution.Postprint (author's final draft

ISTRAŽIVANJE UTJECAJA TEKUĆINA ZA HLAĐENJE/PODMAZIVANJE NA VELIČINU STRUJE REZNIH STROJEVA S DISKOM ZA TVRDE STIJENE

One of the most crucial steps in producing dimension rocks is the rock cutting process, which incurs a high cost. The amperage draw of rock cutting machines is a major cost factor of this production process. Determining the effect of factors, such as the machine’s operating configurations, mechanical and physical characteristics of the rock, and type of cooling/lubricant fluid, on the cutting machine’s performance can significantly reduce operational costs. This study evaluates the electrical current consumption of a disc cutting machine during the cutting of hard rocks for producing dimension rocks under different operating conditions and using different fluids for cooling/lubrication. For this purpose, a number of cutting tests were performed under different operating conditions (cutting depths of 0.5, 0.7, 1, and 1.3 cm and feed rates of 45, 60, 75, and 90 cm/min) with five cooling/lubrication fluids, including tap water, soap water with a ratio of 1:40 and 1:20, and a commercial cutting power (Abtarash) with a ratio of 30:10 and 15:10. After examining the relationship between operating parameters and the amperage draw of the cutting machine in the presence of five fluids, several linear and nonlinear multivariate statistical models were developed to predict the amperage draw of the cutting machine. The developed models were evaluated using the t-test and F-test statistical methods. The results showed that using the developed models, the amperage draw of the cutting machine can be accurately predicted from the properties of the cooling/lubrication fluid, including viscosity and pH.Jedan od najvažnijih koraka u obradi arhitektonsko-građevnoga kamena jest proces rezanja, koji uzrokuje visoku cijenu proizvodnje. Veličina električne struje kod strojeva za rezanje glavni je faktor troškova ovoga proizvodnog procesa. Određivanje radnih čimbenika, kao što su radne konfiguracije stroja, mehaničke i fizičke karakteristike stijene te vrsta tekućine za hlađenje/podmazivanje, na performanse stroja za rezanje može znatno smanjiti operativne troškove. Ovo istraživanje procijenilo je potrošnju električne struje reznoga stroja s diskom tijekom rezanja tvrdih stijena pri obradi arhitektonsko-građevnoga kamena u različitim radnim uvjetima i pri korištenju različitih tekućina za hlađenje/podmazivanje. Proveden je niz ispitivanja rezanja u različitim radnim uvjetima (dubine rezanja od 0,5, 0,7, 1 i 1,3 cm te brzine rezanje od 45, 60, 75 i 90 cm/min) s pet tekućina za hlađenje/podmazivanje, uključujući vodu iz slavine, sapunicu omjera 1 : 40 i 1 : 20 te komercijalni prah za rezanje (Abtarash) u omjeru 30 : 10 i 15 : 10. Nakon ispitivanja odnosa između radnih parametara i veličine struje reznoga stroja uz upotrebu pet tekućina razvijeno je nekoliko linearnih i nelinearnih multivarijantnih statističkih modela kako bi se predvidjela veličina struje reznoga stroja. Razvijeni modeli procijenjeni su statističkim metodama t-testa i F-testa. Rezultati su pokazali kako se pomoću razvijenih modela može točno procijeniti veličina struje stroja za rezanje iz svojstava tekućine za hlađenje/podmazivanje, uključujući viskoznost i PH

Synthesis of hydrous iron oxide/aluminum hydroxide composite loaded on coal fly ash as an effective mesoporous and low-cost sorbent for Cr(VI) sorption: Fuzzy logic modeling

The aim of this research was to estimate the possibility of using synthesized hydrous iron oxide/aluminium hydroxide composite loaded on coal fly ash (FA3) as an efficient sorbent for Cr(VI) sorption from aqueous solution. In this regard, dissolution and precipitation processes were performed to rearrange and load the intrinsic iron and aluminum on the surface of fly ash. Different characterization techniques including XRD, XRF, FT-IR, SEM, LPS and BET surface area were applied to analyze the sorbent properties. Moreover, sorption kinetics were studied using Morris–Weber intra-particle diffusion, Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The kinetic analyses indicated that pseudo-first-order model controlled the sorption process. In order to estimate the sorbent capacity, Langmuir, Freundlich and D–R models were applied. The thermodynamic parameters of Cr(VI) sorption were also studied. In addition, removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was predicted using the developed fuzzy logic model. The fuzzification of four input variables including pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial Cr(VI) concentration versus removal efficiency as output was carried out using an artificial intelligence-based approach. A Mamdani-type fuzzy interface system was employed to fulfill a collection of 24 rules (If-Then format) using triangle membership functions (MFS) with seven levels in fuzzy sets. The proposed fuzzy logic model demonstrated high predictive performance with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.95 and acceptable deviation from the experimental data, confirming its suitability to predict Cr(VI) removal efficiency. Based on experimental data and statistical analysis, the synthetized sorbent was effective for treating wastewater containing Cr(VI).Peer Reviewe

Doxycycline-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles as promising tool against Brucella melitensis enclosed in macrophage: a pharmacodynamics study on J774A.1 cell line

Abstract Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species. It has been estimated that more than 500,000 new cases of Brucellosis occur annually all around the world. Relapse of the disease is one of the most important challenges. The most important reason for the relapse of brucellosis is the survival of the bacteria inside the macrophages, which makes them safe from the immune system and disrupts drug delivery mechanism. Objectives The present study was performed to assess the effects of Doxycycline-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (DOX-SLN) on the Brucella melitensis inside macrophages. Methods DOX-SLN was prepared using double emulsion method. The technological characterization of DOX-SLN, including particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were used. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to assess the interactions between Nanoparticles (NPs) components and crystalline form of doxycycline. Moreover, the effect of DOX-SLN on the bacteria were compared with that of the doxycycline using various methods, including well diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and investigation of their effects on murine macrophage-like cells cell line J774A.1. Results The means of particle size, zeta potential, PDI, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 299 ± 34 nm, − 28.7 ± 3.2 mV, 0.29 ± 0.027, 11.2 ± 1.3%, and 94.9 ± 3.2%, respectively. The morphology of NPs were spherical with a smooth surface. No chemical reaction was occurred between the components. Doxycycline was located within NP matrix in its molecular form. The DOX-SLN significantly decreased the microbial loading within macrophages (3.5 Log) in comparison with the free doxycycline. Conclusions Since the DOX-SLN showed better effects on B. melitensis enclosed in macrophages than the free doxycycline, it is recommended to use it for treating brucellosis and preventing relapse

Fuzzy logic modeling of Pb (II) sorption onto mesoporous NiO/ZnCl2-Rosa Canina-L seeds activated carbon nanocomposite prepared by ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation technique

In this study, NiO/Rosa Canina-L seeds activated carbon nanocomposite (NiO/ACNC) was prepared by adding dropwise NaOH solution (2 mol/L) to raise the suspension pH to around 9 at room temperature under ultrasonic irradiation (200 W) as an efficient method and characterized by FE-SEM, FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The effect of different parameters such as contact time (0–120 min), initial metal ion concentration (25–200 mg/L), temperature (298, 318 and 333 K), amount of adsorbent (0.002–0.007 g) and the solution's initial pH (1–7) on the adsorption of Pb (II) was investigated in batch-scale experiments. The equilibrium data were well fitted by Langmuir model type 1 (R2 > 0.99). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) of NiO/ACNC was 1428.57 mg/L. Thermodynamic parameters (¿G°, ¿H° and ¿S°) were also calculated. The results showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) onto NiO/ACNC was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under studied conditions. In addition, a fuzzy-logic-based model including multiple inputs and one output was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. Four input variables including pH, contact time (min), dosage (g) and initial concentration of Pb (II) were fuzzified using an artificial intelligence-based approach. The fuzzy subsets consisted of triangular membership functions with eight levels and a total of 26 rules in the IF-THEN approach which was implemented on a Mamdani-type of fuzzy inference system. Fuzzy data exhibited small deviation with satisfactory coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.98) that clearly proved very good performance of fuzzy-logic-based model in prediction of removal efficiency of Pb (II). It was confirmed that NiO/ACNC had a great potential as a novel adsorbent to remove Pb (II) from aqueous solution